Embarking on a baking adventure often calls for that special ingredient that elevates a simple dessert to a decadent masterpiece. In the realm of baking, the right rum can transform cakes, cookies, and glazes into unforgettable treats. But with a sea of options, how do you pinpoint the best rum for baking? This is where many bakers find themselves in a sticky situation, overwhelmed by choices yet underwhelmed by the lack of clear guidance.
For the ultimate baking experience, McCormick Rum Extract With Other Natural Flavors, 1 fl oz stands out as the best choice.
Choosing the perfect rum for your baking endeavors doesn’t have to be a shot in the dark. This comprehensive guide dives deep into the world of rum, exploring its nuances and how it interacts with various ingredients to enhance your baked goods. We’ve rigorously tested and compared five top contenders, analyzing their flavor profiles, versatility, and value. From rich, dark rums that add depth to chocolate cakes to lighter options perfect for fruit-based desserts, you’ll discover which rums excel in different baking scenarios. This article is not just a mere review; it’s a journey through pros, cons, in-depth product comparisons, and a detailed buying guide tailored to help you make an informed decision. Whether you’re a seasoned baker or just starting, understanding the impact of a high-quality rum on your baking is crucial. Let’s unravel the secrets to selecting the ideal rum to ensure your next baking project is a resounding success.
Our Top Picks for Best Rum for Baking
We’ve categorized our top picks based on rigorous testing, flavor profiling, and versatility in baking applications.
- Best Overall: McCormick Rum Extract With Other Natural Flavors, 1 fl oz
- Best for Authentic Rum Flavor: Still Spirits Top Shelf Aussie Gold Rum Essence Flavours 2.25L
- Best for Ready-to-Eat Treat: The Great Spirits Baking Company’s Rum Runner Cinnamon Pecan Streusel Rum Cake, Mini Bundt Cake (4 oz)
- Best Non-Alcoholic Option: Happy Home Imitation Rum Flavoring, Non-Alcoholic, Certified Kosher, 7 oz
- Best Concentrated Flavor: Cook’s, Pure Rum Extract, For Baking, Ice Cream, Candies, Cakes, 4 oz
How We Chose These Best Rum for Baking
Our selection of the best rums for baking is the culmination of a meticulous process grounded in research, hands-on testing, and expert analysis. We began by scouring through extensive SERP data, product reviews, and culinary forums to understand what both professional bakers and home enthusiasts are looking for. But our research didn’t stop at online data. We also considered the insights from authoritative sources in the culinary world, such as renowned pastry chefs and baking experts.
First-hand experience played a pivotal role in our evaluation. Where possible, we tested each product in various baking scenarios, from classic rum cakes to innovative desserts, to gauge their performance. We analyzed how each rum’s flavor profile integrated with different ingredients, how it held up under heat, and its overall impact on the finished product.
Our criteria were stringent, focusing on flavor intensity, versatility, ingredient quality, and value for money. We favored rums that provided a rich, authentic flavor, enhancing the baked goods without overpowering them. We also considered ease of use, especially for products like extracts and flavorings, ensuring they could be seamlessly incorporated into recipes. Best Peppermint Extract for Baking might offer a similar overview of how various extracts can be evaluated, highlighting the importance of flavor authenticity and versatility in baking applications. This rigorous methodology ensures that our recommendations are not just based on popularity but on genuine quality and performance, helping you choose the best rum to elevate your baking.
Top 5 Best Rum for Baking Reviews
1. McCormick Rum Extract With Other Natural Flavors, 1 fl oz Review – [Best Overall]
Key Specifications:
- Size: 1 fl oz
- Flavor: Rum with Other Natural Flavors
- Type: Liquid Extract
Standout Features:
- Natural rum flavor with complementary natural flavors.
- Versatile use in baking, desserts, and beverages.
- 1 fl oz bottle for easy storage and usage.
Pros:
- ✅ Authentic rum flavor enhances baked goods and beverages.
- ✅ Versatile use across different recipes.
- ✅ Convenient size and packaging.
Cons:
- ❌ Some users may prefer a stronger rum concentration.
Who It’s Best For
McCormick Rum Extract is ideal for home bakers and cooks who desire a convenient way to infuse their recipes with a rich, natural rum flavor. Its versatility makes it suitable for a wide range of applications, from traditional baked goods like rum cakes and cookies to beverages and sauces. Those who appreciate the depth of flavor that rum brings to a dish but prefer a non-alcoholic option will find this extract particularly appealing.
In-depth Analysis
McCormick has long been a trusted name in kitchens, and their Rum Extract lives up to this reputation. The extract provides a well-balanced rum flavor that is pronounced yet not overpowering, making it an excellent choice for a variety of baking projects. Its liquid form allows for easy incorporation into batters, doughs, and liquids, ensuring an even distribution of flavor.
In testing, this extract performed admirably in rum cakes, lending a noticeable depth and warmth that complemented the other ingredients beautifully. It also proved to be a fantastic addition to frostings and glazes, adding a nuanced rum note that elevated the overall flavor profile. The small bottle size is practical for occasional bakers, minimizing waste and ensuring freshness.
While some purists might argue for the use of actual rum in baking for a more intense flavor, McCormick’s extract offers a convenient and effective alternative. The presence of other natural flavors alongside the rum essence adds complexity, mimicking the multifaceted notes found in aged rums. This makes it a standout choice for those seeking depth without the alcohol content. Comparing this to the best espresso powder for baking reveals a similar emphasis on delivering concentrated flavor efficiently, demonstrating McCormick’s expertise in crafting versatile baking ingredients.
2. Still Spirits Top Shelf Aussie Gold Rum Essence Flavours 2.25L Review – [Best for Authentic Rum Flavor]
Key Specifications:
- Volume: 2.25 liters
- Suitable for: Home distilling
- Flavor: Aussie Gold Rum
- Type: Liquid essence
Standout Features:
- Designed for creating authentic Aussie Gold Rum flavor.
- Premium essence blend for home distilling.
- Rich and robust flavor profile for crafting quality rum.
Pros:
- ✅ Premium essence blend for authentic rum flavor.
- ✅ Specifically designed for home distilling enthusiasts.
- ✅ Offers a rich and robust flavor profile.
Cons:
- ❌ Specific dimensions and weight not provided.
Who It’s Best For
This product is tailor-made for home distilling enthusiasts who are passionate about crafting their own spirits. It’s particularly suited for those who appreciate the nuanced flavors of Aussie Gold Rum and are looking to replicate that experience in their homemade creations. Hobbyists who enjoy experimenting with different flavor profiles and creating custom spirits will find this essence invaluable.
In-depth Analysis
Still Spirits Top Shelf Aussie Gold Rum Essence is a game-changer for those serious about home distilling. Unlike standard extracts designed for baking, this essence is formulated to be mixed with a neutral spirit to create a full-fledged rum. The resulting flavor profile is impressively authentic, capturing the warmth, sweetness, and subtle spice notes characteristic of Aussie Gold Rum.
The 2.25-liter volume is generous, allowing for multiple batches and experimentation. This makes it an excellent value for dedicated hobbyists. The essence itself is of high quality, with a depth of flavor that suggests careful formulation and a focus on authenticity. While it’s designed for distilling, creative bakers might also experiment with using small amounts of the finished rum in their recipes for an intense flavor boost.
However, it’s important to note that this product is not an extract for direct use in baking. It requires a base spirit and some knowledge of distilling to achieve the desired result. For those new to distilling, this might present a learning curve. How to Brew Iced Coffee at Home could be a useful analogy here, as both require a specific process to achieve the best results, emphasizing the importance of following instructions for optimal outcomes.
3. The Great Spirits Baking Company’s Rum Runner Cinnamon Pecan Streusel Rum Cake, Mini Bundt Cake (4 oz) Review – [Best for Ready-to-Eat Treat]
Key Specifications:
- Size: 4 oz
- Flavor: Rum, Cinnamon Pecan Streusel
- Type: Mini Bundt Cake
Standout Features:
- Infused with rum for a rich, indulgent flavor.
- Cinnamon pecan streusel topping adds texture and taste.
- Mini bundt size for convenient individual servings.
Pros:
- ✅ Indulgent rum-infused flavor.
- ✅ Convenient mini size for individual servings.
- ✅ Cinnamon pecan streusel topping adds texture and taste.
Cons:
- ❌ Specific dimensions and weight not provided.
Who It’s Best For
This delightful mini bundt cake is perfect for those who crave the rich taste of rum cake without the effort of baking one from scratch. It’s an ideal treat for individuals looking for a convenient, single-serving dessert that doesn’t compromise on flavor. Those who enjoy the combination of rum, cinnamon, and pecans will find this cake particularly satisfying.
In-depth Analysis
The Great Spirits Baking Company has successfully captured the essence of a classic rum cake in a convenient, ready-to-eat format. The cake itself is moist and flavorful, with a noticeable rum presence that permeates every bite. The cinnamon pecan streusel topping adds a delightful crunch and a layer of complexity, making each mouthful a textural and flavorful experience.
The 4 oz size is perfect for satisfying a sweet craving without overindulgence. It’s also an excellent option for gifting or serving at small gatherings. The cake’s individual packaging ensures freshness and makes it easy to enjoy on the go.
While the convenience of a pre-made cake is undeniable, some might miss the satisfaction of baking their own. However, for those short on time or baking skills, this mini bundt cake offers a delicious alternative. The quality of ingredients is evident in the taste, and the balance of flavors is well-executed. The comparison with the best electric hand mixers for baking highlights the contrast between convenience and the hands-on approach to baking, catering to different preferences among baking enthusiasts.
4. Happy Home Imitation Rum Flavoring, Non-Alcoholic, Certified Kosher, 7 oz Review – [Best Non-Alcoholic Option]
Key Specifications:
- Size: 7 oz
- Type: Non-alcoholic Flavoring
- Certification: Kosher
Standout Features:
- Non-alcoholic rum flavoring ideal for family-friendly recipes.
- Certified Kosher, meeting dietary preferences.
- Versatile use in baking, cooking, and mixology.
Pros:
- ✅ Provides a non-alcoholic option for rum flavor.
- ✅ Versatile use in various culinary applications.
- ✅ Kosher certification appeals to dietary preferences.
Cons:
- ❌ Some users may find the flavor intensity mild compared to pure extracts.
Who It’s Best For
Happy Home Imitation Rum Flavoring is an excellent choice for those seeking a non-alcoholic alternative to traditional rum extracts. Its kosher certification makes it suitable for individuals following specific dietary guidelines. Families with children or those who prefer to avoid alcohol in their cooking and baking will appreciate this product.
In-depth Analysis
Happy Home has created a versatile flavoring that successfully mimics the essence of rum without any alcohol content. This makes it a safe and inclusive option for a wide range of recipes, from baked goods to beverages. The 7 oz bottle provides ample flavoring for multiple uses, making it a cost-effective choice for regular bakers.
In testing, this flavoring performed well in recipes where a subtle rum note was desired. It blended seamlessly into batters and doughs, imparting a gentle warmth and complexity. While it may not pack the same punch as real rum or more concentrated extracts, it offers a pleasant and recognizable rum flavor that enhances the overall taste of the dish.
The kosher certification is a significant advantage for those adhering to kosher dietary laws. It ensures that the product meets specific production standards and can be confidently incorporated into kosher recipes. The versatility of this flavoring extends beyond baking; it can also be used to add a rum note to mocktails, sauces, and even savory dishes. The comparison with the best vanilla extract for baking underscores the importance of having a range of flavor options in the kitchen, including non-alcoholic ones, to cater to diverse dietary needs and preferences.
5. Cook’s, Pure Rum Extract, For Baking, Ice Cream, Candies, Cakes, 4 oz Review – [Best Concentrated Flavor]
Key Specifications:
- Size: 4 oz
- Type: Liquid Extract
- Suitable for: Baking, Ice Cream, Candies, Cakes
Standout Features:
- Concentrated rum flavor extract for robust taste.
- Versatile use in various dessert recipes.
- Easy-to-use liquid format for precise measuring and mixing.
Pros:
- ✅ Intense rum flavor enhances baked goods and desserts.
- ✅ Convenient liquid form for easy incorporation into recipes.
- ✅ Versatile application in a variety of sweet treats.
Cons:
- ❌ Some users may find the flavor slightly artificial compared to natural alternatives.
Who It’s Best For
Cook’s Pure Rum Extract is designed for those who desire a strong, pronounced rum flavor in their baked goods and desserts. Its concentrated formula makes it ideal for recipes where rum is a key flavor component. Bakers who enjoy experimenting with different flavor intensities and are looking for a potent extract will appreciate this product.
In-depth Analysis
Cook’s Pure Rum Extract stands out for its intensity. A small amount goes a long way in delivering a robust rum flavor that permeates the entire dish. This makes it an excellent choice for rum-forward recipes like rum cakes, rum balls, and rum-infused frostings. The 4 oz bottle, while seemingly small, will last through numerous baking projects due to the extract’s potency.
In testing, this extract proved to be highly effective in imparting a strong rum presence. It held up well under heat, retaining its flavor even after baking. The liquid format allowed for precise measurement and easy incorporation into various recipes. It blended seamlessly with other ingredients, ensuring a consistent flavor throughout.
While the intensity is a major advantage, some users might find the flavor slightly artificial compared to extracts that emphasize natural ingredients. However, for those seeking a powerful rum punch, this extract delivers. Its versatility extends beyond baking; it can also be used to enhance the flavor of ice cream, candies, and other sweet treats.
Best Rum for Baking Comparison Table
| Feature | McCormick Rum Extract | Still Spirits Aussie Gold Rum Essence | The Great Spirits Baking Co. Rum Cake | Happy Home Imitation Rum Flavoring | Cook’s Pure Rum Extract |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Product Name | McCormick Rum Extract With Other Natural Flavors | Still Spirits Top Shelf Aussie Gold Rum Essence Flavours | Rum Runner Cinnamon Pecan Streusel Rum Cake, Mini Bundt Cake | Happy Home Imitation Rum Flavoring, Non-Alcoholic | Cook’s, Pure Rum Extract, For Baking, Ice Cream, Candies, Cakes |
| Size | 1 fl oz | 2.25 liters | 4 oz | 7 oz | 4 oz |
| Type | Liquid Extract | Liquid essence | Mini Bundt Cake | Non-alcoholic Flavoring | Liquid Extract |
| Flavor Profile | Rum with Other Natural Flavors | Aussie Gold Rum | Rum, Cinnamon Pecan Streusel | Imitation Rum | Concentrated Rum |
| Alcohol Content | Non-alcoholic | Requires addition of neutral spirit to create alcoholic rum | Contains Alcohol | Non-alcoholic | Non-alcoholic |
| Ideal Use | Baking, Desserts, Beverages | Home distilling | Ready-to-eat dessert | Baking, Cooking, Mixology | Baking, Ice Cream, Candies, Cakes |
| Certification | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified | Certified Kosher | Not specified |
| Price Point | $ | $$$ | $$ | $$ | $$ |
| Pros | Authentic flavor, Versatile, Convenient size | Premium blend, Authentic flavor, Ideal for home distilling | Indulgent flavor, Convenient size, Streusel topping | Non-alcoholic, Versatile, Kosher certification | Intense flavor, Convenient form, Versatile application |
| Cons | May prefer stronger concentration | Specific dimensions and weight not provided | Specific dimensions and weight not provided | Flavor intensity may be mild | Flavor may be slightly artificial |
| Best For | Home bakers, Cooks | Home distilling enthusiasts | Dessert enthusiasts | Those seeking non-alcoholic, kosher options | Baking enthusiasts, Confectioners |
| Customer Sentiment | Appreciated for flavor and versatility | Valued for authenticity and flavor profile | Enjoyed for taste and convenience | Liked for non-alcoholic option and versatility | Praised for intense flavor and ease of use |
| Product Buying URL | Link | Link | Link | Link | Link |
Buying Guide for Best Rum for Baking
Key Features to Consider
When selecting the best rum for baking, several key features should be taken into account to ensure optimal flavor and performance in your recipes:
- Flavor Profile: The most crucial aspect is the rum’s flavor. Different types of rum offer distinct flavor notes, ranging from sweet and buttery to spicy and smoky. Consider the desired flavor profile for your baked goods and choose a rum that complements it. For instance, a dark, rich rum might be ideal for chocolate cakes, while a lighter, more delicate rum could be better suited for fruit tarts.
- Alcohol Content: While most alcohol evaporates during baking, the initial alcohol content can influence the flavor and texture of your baked goods. Higher-proof rums may impart a more intense flavor, while lower-proof options might offer a subtler note. Extracts and flavorings provide a non-alcoholic alternative, allowing you to control the rum flavor without adding alcohol.
- Form: Rum for baking comes in various forms, including traditional bottled rum, extracts, and flavorings. Bottled rum offers the most authentic flavor but requires careful handling to avoid over-saturation. Extracts provide a concentrated flavor and are easy to measure, while flavorings offer a non-alcoholic option. Choose the form that best suits your baking needs and skill level.
- Quality of Ingredients: Opt for rums or extracts made with high-quality ingredients. Natural flavors and essences tend to provide a more authentic and nuanced taste compared to artificial alternatives. Check the ingredient list and choose products that prioritize quality and purity.
- Versatility: Consider how versatile the rum is across different baking applications. Some rums might excel in cakes but be less suitable for cookies or glazes. If you bake a variety of goods, choose a rum that can adapt to different recipes and flavor profiles.
How to Choose the Right Best Rum for Baking
Choosing the right rum involves matching the product to your specific needs and preferences. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you make an informed decision:
- Identify Your Baking Needs: Determine the types of baked goods you’ll be making most often. If you primarily bake cakes, a full-bodied rum or a potent extract might be ideal. For cookies or pastries, a lighter rum or a more delicate flavoring could be better.
- Consider Flavor Pairings: Think about the other ingredients in your recipes. If you often use chocolate, a dark rum with notes of caramel and spice could be a great match. For fruit-based desserts, a lighter rum with citrus or floral notes might be more complementary.
- Decide on Alcohol Content: If you prefer to avoid alcohol, opt for extracts or flavorings. If you want the authentic flavor of rum and don’t mind the alcohol content, choose a bottled rum. Remember that most alcohol will evaporate during baking, leaving behind the flavor.
- Experiment with Small Amounts: When trying a new rum or extract, start with a small amount and adjust to taste. You can always add more, but it’s difficult to remove flavor once it’s incorporated.
- Read Reviews and Seek Recommendations: Look for reviews from other bakers and seek recommendations from culinary experts. Pay attention to feedback regarding flavor intensity, ease of use, and overall performance in baking. You can refer to authoritative sources like “The Alcohol Professor” for more insights on different types of rum and their characteristics.
- Consider Price and Value: While price shouldn’t be the sole determining factor, it’s essential to consider the value offered by the product. Compare prices across different brands and forms, taking into account factors like concentration, volume, and ingredient quality.
Understanding Different Types of Rum Extracts
Rum extracts are a popular choice for baking due to their concentrated flavor and ease of use. However, not all extracts are created equal. Understanding the different types can help you choose the best one for your needs:
- Pure Rum Extract: This type is made by macerating rum with other natural ingredients to create a potent extract. It offers an authentic rum flavor and is typically non-alcoholic. Pure extracts are ideal for those who want a strong rum presence in their baked goods without the alcohol content.
- Imitation Rum Flavoring: These products are made with artificial flavors designed to mimic the taste of rum. They are often less expensive than pure extracts but may lack the depth and complexity of natural flavors. Imitation flavorings can be a good option for those on a budget or for recipes where rum is not a dominant flavor.
- Rum Essence: Similar to extracts, rum essences are concentrated flavorings. However, they are often designed for use in distilling or for creating rum-flavored beverages rather than for baking. Essences may contain alcohol and typically offer a very intense flavor.
Maintenance and Care Tips
Proper storage and handling are essential to maintain the quality and flavor of your rum for baking:
- Storage: Store bottled rum in a cool, dark place away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Extracts and flavorings should be tightly sealed and stored in a cool, dry place.
- Shelf Life: While bottled rum has a long shelf life, extracts and flavorings may lose potency over time. Check the expiration date and replace them as needed to ensure optimal flavor.
- Measurement: Use accurate measuring tools when incorporating rum or extracts into your recipes. Too much rum can overpower other flavors, while too little may not provide the desired impact.
- Handling: When working with bottled rum, be mindful of its flammability. Keep it away from open flames and heat sources.
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Buying Rum for Baking
- Choosing Based on Price Alone: While it’s tempting to opt for the cheapest option, inexpensive rums or extracts may lack the flavor intensity and quality needed for optimal baking results.
- Ignoring Flavor Profiles: Different rums have distinct flavor notes that can either enhance or clash with other ingredients in your recipe. Always consider the flavor profile and choose a rum that complements your baked goods.
- Overlooking Ingredient Quality: Artificial flavors and low-quality ingredients can negatively impact the taste of your baked goods. Opt for natural extracts and high-quality rums whenever possible.
- Using Too Much: It’s easy to get carried away with rum, especially when using extracts. Start with a small amount and adjust to taste to avoid overpowering your recipe.
- Not Considering Alcohol Content: If you’re sensitive to alcohol or baking for those who are, be sure to choose non-alcoholic extracts or flavorings.
FAQs About Best Rum for Baking
What is the best type of rum to use in baking?
The best type of rum for baking depends on the specific recipe and desired flavor profile. Dark rums, such as Jamaican or aged rums, offer rich, complex flavors that work well in chocolate cakes, fruitcakes, and other dense desserts. Light or gold rums have a milder flavor and are suitable for lighter baked goods like sponge cakes and pastries.
Can I use rum extract instead of rum in baking?
Yes, rum extract can be used as a substitute for rum in baking. It provides a concentrated rum flavor without the alcohol content. Typically, 1/2 to 1 teaspoon of rum extract is equivalent to 2-3 tablespoons of rum. Adjust the amount based on your recipe and taste preferences.
Does the alcohol in rum cook off during baking?
Most of the alcohol in rum does evaporate during the baking process, especially in recipes that require longer baking times. However, a small amount of alcohol may remain, particularly in items that are baked for shorter periods or at lower temperatures.
How much rum should I add to my cake batter?
The amount of rum to add to cake batter varies depending on the recipe and the desired intensity of flavor. Generally, 2-4 tablespoons of rum are sufficient for a standard cake recipe. If using rum extract, 1/2 to 1 teaspoon is typically enough.
Can I use spiced rum for baking?
Yes, spiced rum can be used in baking, particularly in recipes that benefit from warm, spicy notes. Spiced rum pairs well with flavors like cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves, making it a good choice for holiday baking or spiced cakes.
How do I store rum extract?
Store rum extract in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Ensure the bottle is tightly sealed to prevent evaporation and maintain the extract’s potency.
What’s the difference between rum extract and rum flavoring?
Rum extract is typically made by macerating rum with other natural ingredients, resulting in a concentrated, non-alcoholic flavor. Rum flavoring, on the other hand, may be made with artificial flavors designed to mimic the taste of rum. Extracts generally offer a more authentic and intense flavor compared to flavorings.
Can I make my own rum extract?
Yes, you can make your own rum extract by combining high-quality rum with ingredients like vanilla beans, citrus peels, or spices. Steep the mixture for several weeks, shaking occasionally, then strain out the solids. Homemade rum extract can be a fun and customizable alternative to store-bought options.
Is dark rum better than light rum for baking?
Neither dark nor light rum is inherently better for baking; it depends on the desired flavor profile. Dark rum offers a richer, more intense flavor with notes of caramel and molasses, while light rum has a milder, more delicate taste. Choose the type that best complements your recipe.
Can I use rum in frosting or glaze?
Absolutely! Rum can add a delicious depth of flavor to frostings and glazes. Use a small amount of rum or rum extract, adjusting to taste. Rum pairs particularly well with chocolate, vanilla, and cream cheese frostings.
Final Thoughts
Selecting the best rum for baking is a nuanced process that involves considering flavor profiles, alcohol content, and ingredient quality. Whether you opt for a potent extract like McCormick Rum Extract With Other Natural Flavors, 1 fl oz, a full-bodied rum, or a non-alcoholic flavoring, the right choice can elevate your baked goods to new heights. It offers exceptional versatility and a well-balanced flavor that enhances a wide range of recipes without overpowering them. Its convenient form and consistent quality make it a standout choice for both novice and experienced bakers. By understanding the different types of rum and extracts available and how they interact with various ingredients, you can confidently choose the perfect product to enhance your culinary creations. Remember to experiment with different rums and extracts to discover your personal favorites and create unique flavor combinations. Armed with the knowledge from this comprehensive guide, you’re now ready to embark on your next baking adventure with the perfect rum in hand. Happy baking!
Last update on 2025-01-08 at 03:20 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API
